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Symptoms And Symptoms Of The Memory Loss - 1246 Words

Introduction Amnesia is a mental illness that refers to memory loss. The cause for the memory loss can be due to several factors. The memory loss could be due to emotionally disturbing events; memory loss can also be cause of physical harm usually to the cephalic region. The disease also interrupts the normal everyday functioning of a person suffering amnesia. An individual may still be able to carry out certain activities despite the amnesia. Fortunately, there are diverse ways to treat amnesia. Pathophysiology Amnesia is a large scale loss of information that normally should have not been forgotten, such as key facts, important people in an individual’s life, and memorable events. Amnesia also refers to the inability to memorize information (MediLexicon, 2015). Amnesia consists of two features. Anterograde amnesia is when new data is unable to be retained. The incapability to recollect previously known information and past occurrences is called retrograde amnesia (Mayo Clinic, 2014). There are two different types of amnesia and different causes for the two types. The first type of amnesia is called organic or neurological amnesia. This amnesia is a result of brain damage or injury. Amnesia can be caused by oxygen deprivation, like from a heart attack, certain medications like ambien, the sleep aid, and also a stroke. Encephaloma in the memory region could also be cause. Amnesia may also result from head injuries and encephalitis. The second type of amnesia is calledShow MoreRelate dAlzheimer s Research Paper : Alzheimer And Its Symptoms1703 Words   |  7 PagesMeghan Odell English IV- 5 Mrs. Crow 18 November 2015 Alzheimer’s Research Paper There are three separate stages of Alzheimer’s, they are all so different and yet so similar. Many people have a false recollection of Alzheimer’s disease and its symptoms. Many believe that people only get Alzheimer’s as a result of aging. Alzheimer’s disease is not a disease that happens because the human body gets worn down, but because of a change occurring in the human brain. Alzheimer’s is a serious diseaseRead MoreThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is caused by physical modifications in the brain and is known for loss of memory and mental abilities. It’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly i mproved. There are many different typesRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer Disease1176 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States. It usually starts with recent memory loss – then progresses to forgetting where you are, familiar faces and names. Eventually, the disease continues to progress and patients develop impaired mobility, difficulty swallowing, and inability to care for themselves. Alzheimer disease is a major cause of disability and death in the United States. Due to the importance of this condition, it is critical that patients understand its causes, symptoms, and treatment. By the end of this articleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1220 Words   |  5 Pagescritical damage to a human’s body from the symptoms to the treatment that is followed by the diagnosis. In the following paper, we will discover the symptoms, the organs affected, and the treatment for Parkinson’s disease. To first discover a disease it is important to know the description given. Alzheimer’s is a disorder of the nervous system in your body that progresses over time. 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Alzheimer’s is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S.A. Alzheimer’s Disease is named after Dr. Abis Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a lady who had died of an unusual mental illness that was very unknown. The woman s’ symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and unpredictableRead MoreUnit 14 Physiological Disorders1154 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of sign and symptoms People with Alzheimer disease also develop deposits of protein and fibre that prevent the cells from working properly. When this happens, the cells cant send the right signals to other parts of the brain. Over time, brain cells affected by Alzheimer also begin to shrink and denature. Causes of sign and symptoms People with Alzheimer disease also develop deposits of protein and fibre that prevent the cells from working properly. When this happens, the cells cantRead MoreThe Exact Cause of Dementia Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesit drives you insane? Well try living with Dementia. Dementia is not a disease; it is a group of symptoms caused by another disease, which produces a progressive loss of cognitive functioning (Psychology Today). People often believe that because of old age, a person may have Dementia, but this is a false accusation. In old age you may forget a few things here and there, but it is only when the symptoms affect the person’s daily life that it can be called Dementia. The exact cause of Dementia is damageRead MoreStill Alice. Living With An Insidious Cognitive Declining1656 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilial Alzheimer’s disease often fear losing their sense of self (Borrello et al. 2495). This theme is carried out in the film through the character of Alice, a 50 year old linguistics professor at Columbia University. The inevitable decline in memory, communication, and eventually independence strike those with the disease (Borrello et al. 2494), which will quickly affect not only themselves, but also relationships with others. In this essay, I will discuss the level of accuracy in the film, StillRead MoreAlzheimer : A Disease Of The Brain And It Can Cause Dementia1124 Words   |  5 Pageswith the memory, thinking and behavior. Alzheimer is one of the leading causes of dementia. Alzheimer represent the 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Dementia is a term use to describe a group of symptoms called â€Å"senility†. Early symptoms of deme ntia include loss of memory, and people having problems remembering recent events, but when the diseases get worse, people have a problem with the language, difficulty with communication, disorientation, mood swings, not managing self-care, loss of motivation

Fortescue Metal Group

Question: Discuss about the ase study for Fortescue Metal Group. Answer: Issues and Facts The given case i.e. Forrest v ASIC resolves around the representations made by FMG (Fortescue Metal Group) and the CEO Forrest in the ASX announcements and media release. This announcement was in context of an agreement signed in regards to the iron ore mining project being implemented by FMG in Western Australia. The company FMG had planned to build a railway line near the project site for the transportation of ore from the mine to Port Hedland and additionally build a port. To implement the same, the company executed agreements in 2004 with three leading state owned companies from China. One such agreement called as Framework Agreement was implemented with the China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC). The company notified the ASX of this development by extending a letter and publishing a detailed media release on the company website. In these public announcements, it was stated that the company and CREC have executed a binding agreement whereby CREC would build and also finance the railway project at the mining site. Additional clause stated as the contract term was the fact that full risk regarding the project would be assumed by CREC as per the fixed price agreement for the project. The above information that has been provided to the investors (both actual and potential) was not complete and hence potentially misguiding. The actual clauses and terms of the Framework Agreement implemented with CREC were not put in the public domain as they were classified as confidential. ASIC pointed at the fact that that the framework agreement in actuality did not contain any clause with regards to a fixed price being decided and CREC assuming full risk for the rail project. Hence, based on the above facts, the central issue in the case was to determine if the company i.e. FMG and the CEO Mr.Forrest had indeed violated the Section 1041H of the Corporations Act 2001 by giving out potentially misleading statements in the public domain with regards to having a legally binding contract with CREC when the same was not true. Additionally, as indicated most of the terms like price were yet to be negotiated when announcement was made. Also, the scope of work was not defined, design specifications for the project were lacking and completion was not defined in the Framework Agreement on the basis of which public announcement was made by the company. Relevant Laws and Principles Various companies while listing on the Australian Stock Exchange i.e. ASX have to give their consent on the listing agreement and ensure that all the requirements listed in this agreement should be met. The listed entities on the ASX as per the rule 3.1A of the listing agreement are required to make continuous disclosures as highlighted by the Section 674(2) of the Corporations Act 2001. Often this information is material and thereby can potentially have a material effect on the price of the stock of announcing entity. As a result, ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) tends to scrutinise these announcements so as to assure that they do not mislead the investors and other stakeholders. One of the key tools for ASIC to ensure that the companies ensure transparency in their reporting and adhere to sound corporate governance principles is through the Corporations Act 2001. It lists down the various provisions which the companies need to adhere irrespective of whether they are public or private. A key provision to enhance transparency and ensure accurate reporting to the shareholders is Section 1041H. As per this section, a person must not conduct in a deceptive manner that may knowingly or unknowingly mislead customers or any other stakeholder. In case of violation of this section, civil liability would be attracted on the offender besides having other legal implications. A central principle with regards to assess whether a given partys conduct is deceptive or not is to ascertain the effect of the wrong or incomplete statement on the intended audience. If the audience is misguided, then indeed the conductive is misleading and deceptive whether or not there was intention to mislead on the part of the person or organisation concerned. Further, the interpretation drawn in such by the intended audience should not be based on any specific knowledge possessed by them. Further, it is imperative that cases involving misleading behaviour should not be viewed in isolation but must be interpreted considering the facts of the underlying situation. Additionally, it needs to be taken into consideration that what the deceptive statement in actuality conveys to the intended audience. Based on the communication actually grasped by the audience, would it be decided whether any misconduct has indeed been committed or not. In the event, that the statement is potentially incorrect for a legal expert but the intended audience interpretation about the same is correct, then the statement is not misleading or deceptive. Arguments of the Parties The arguments of the various parties involved in the case is summarised below. ASIC ASIC made multiple allegations against the company and its CEO. The principal allegation by ASIC was that the contents of the Framework agreement were falsely represented by the company in the public domain and the description provided did not match the actual clauses of the agreement. Another, allegation by ASIC was that the company had falsely indicated the legally binding status of the contract which in actuality was not true. Hence, the unqualified opinion extended by the company was in violation of Section 1041 H since either the statement was released with an intention to deceive the investors or if they were released with benign intent, then there was insufficient evidence to support the public announcement. Primary Judge (Gilmour) The primary judge opined that the announcement with regards to agreement with CREC being binding was an opinion and the main concern of the judge was to ascertain the underlying intentions of making such an opinion and also whether the opinion was reasonable to hold or not on the part of the company. After analysing all the case facts, the primary judge reached the verdict that it was reasonable on the part of the company and its CEO to hold the opinion that the contract with the Chinese contractors with regards to building, financing and transferring the infrastructure of the project and hence no violation of any law has been done. However, ASIC was not satisfied with the verdict as it highlighted mails sent by the CEO (Forrest) which related to the negotiation relating to the execution of an Advanced Framework Agreement which was more definitive and bring clarity regarding price and specifications. The indulgence of the CEO in such negotiation according to ASIC was reflective of the fact that the original framework agreement was not binding and hence misleading for the investors. The matter was thus brought forward to the full court. Full Federal Court Keane CJ was responsible for delivering the principal judgement here and was equivocally critical about the trial judges (Gilmour) approach towards the case. He on behalf of bench opined that the major issue in the case was not the intention and the mental state of the representer i.e. FMG but rather the impact of the statement in relation to its misleading potential with the intended audience. Also, he opined that the announcement with regards to the framework agreement with CREC was not a matter of opinion but a statement representing a fact which indicated that the agreement was legally binding and thus enforceable. The statement communicated to the intended audience that the contracts executed with the Chinese contractor is contractually binding as defined in the Australian courts. Keane CJ also observed that the representation by the company in its announcement with regards to the mutual agreement on a fixed price and the CREC assuming full risk was indeed misleading to the reasonable investors. This is apparent from the emails highlighted by ASIC where the CEO of FMG is engaged in negotiation of the price in the form of Advanced Framework Agreement. It was apparent from the exchange of emails and the negotiations being carried out that the assuming of risk by CREC and settling on a fixed price was currently under negotiation and thereby had not been settled at the time of the public announcement. Additionally, it would not be fair to expect that an average investor who would have invested in the company would perceive the announcement any differently than the general understanding of contract being legally enforceable. Thus, it was opined that the company and its CEO were guilty of violation of Section 1041H by giving out a misleading and incomplete represent ation about the agreement. However, the company was not satisfied with the verdict and hence an appeal was made to the High Court to rule on the case. High Court The majority in the high court like the Full bench of the Federal Court criticised the approach adopted by the trial judge where a decision was based on the distinction of fact and opinion. The High Court reached its verdict based on two main arguments. Firstly, the judgement with regards to the conduct being misleading would be driven by the underlying context and cannot be viewed in isolation of the accompanying facts. Secondly, the imperative test in cases regarding deceptive conduct is to ascertain what the deceptive statement actually conveys to the desired audience and not what it actually wanted to convey to them. The allegation by ASIC that the framework agreement with CREC did not amount to a Build and Transfer project was not supported by the high court majority which indicated that based on clause 1 and clause 3 of the agreement, it was concluded that the description provided by the company in the announcement about the agreement being build, finance and transfer was indeed accurate. With regards to ASICs allegation that the framework agreement was legally not binding, the high court majority opined that the intended wider audience would have understood that the agreements made were of a binding nature. They did take the announcement in the sense that in the event of future breach of contract or disagreement, the issue would be resolved through legal intervention in accordance with the prevalent Australian laws. Hence, the essential difference between the verdict of Federal Court and High Court majority was on account of absence of interpretation of the binding clause by the intended audie nce as being legally enforceable in Australian court. With regards to the emails of the CEO negotiating an Advanced Framework Agreement, the majority in the High Court was opinion that negotiating a better deal when one deal is in place is not prohibited by law. Hence, the majority in the High Court upheld the appeal initiated by the company and ruled that through the announcement the company had not acted in a deceptive manner and has not broken any legal stature or principle. Conclusion and Court Decision The case was first heard by the trial judge at the Federal Court who ruled in the favour of the company and Forrest. However, ASIC appealed and the majority of the full bench of the Federal Court upheld the appeal as the bench was critical of the approach adopted by the trail judge. However, the company filed an appeal in the High Court which the majority upheld and ruled that no misleading was done on the part of the company. Hence, the final verdict was that the company and CEO were not found guilty of misleading the investors.

Samuels imaginative use of dramatic techniques and stagecraft Essay Example

Samuels imaginative use of dramatic techniques and stagecraft Paper Based on the true events of the 1938 Kindertransport deportation of 10,000 Jewish German children to England, wearing identification tags around their necks, and were taken in by English families in the hope that they would be re-united with their own families as soon as possible. Very few of them ever were. Realising this is not simply a subject of historical interest. Even today, current ethnic cleansing as well as financial inequity has sent millions of refugees and asylum seekers exiled, struggling to find homes and build new identities. Diane Samuels successfully explores not just the heart-wrenching horrors these children experienced throughout the event, but furthermore portrayed the many possible effects of the aftermath and the everlasting emotional scars these people possess. Throughout the play Samuels employs a variety of techniques to represent the important themes consisting mainly of how repressed memories and emotions can lead to the loss of identity. Through use of intellectual drama methods and stage crafts, Samuels communicates these themes to the audience. Samuels presents the entire play through the setting of a dusty storage room filled with boxes and various other items. This immediately suggests to the audience that secrets, memories and the past is hidden away, closed tight inside boxes. Yet also implies the vacillation later to be seen by Evelyn, as although the contents of the attic are hidden away, they are not quite yet disposed of. This perhaps foretells how indecisive Evelyn is throughout the course of the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Samuels imaginative use of dramatic techniques and stagecraft specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Samuels imaginative use of dramatic techniques and stagecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Samuels imaginative use of dramatic techniques and stagecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An example of this can be seen when she hesitates to destroy and dispose of her childhood possessions and identity papers, papers that will stop them from sending me away. This revels to the audience her fear of being taken away from her home, even though its many years since she left her parents through Kindertransport. As the play progresses it becomes clear why this fear of departure still lies due to Samuelss use of the Ratcatcher music. The maintenance of her old childhood belongings also shows Evelyns lifelong struggle with holding onto her former identity, another example of this is shown through her arrival to England and the full impact of loneliness and fear of abandonment takes over, as a form of recovering her Jewish/German heritage she instantaneously attempts to take comfort in the jewellery concealed in her shoes given to her by her birth mother and conquer her homesickness. At this point Eva feels her old life slipping away as the total contrast of England overwhelms her, and Samuels uses the shoes as a symbol of a barrier, the fact that she fails in getting the watch, rings and bracelet implicates a piece of her identity, her former life is close to her, but she cannot any longer reach it. Samuels suggests to the audience that Evas feelings and dialogue towards the jewellery is perhaps unconsciously aimed towards her mother, it seems that as she cannot hold her mother, she wishes to at least hold on to a piece of her. This can be established when she says What goods a watch, when you cant see its face? Ultimately this is how she feels about her own mother and deep down feels resentment towards her for sending her away to Kindertransport and is later confirmed towards the end of the play when she is reunited with Helga after the war ended, You should have hung onto me and never let me go. The Ratcatcher is initially a storybook character in which the young Eva allowed to become a part of her character. He represents many things within the play but mainly he is an embodiment of both Evelyns and Evas fears, he haunts and terrifies Evelyn and is a thing of obscurity to her who steals her away from her home and safety. Therefore as a form of protection against the darkness of the Ratcatcher Evelyn represses her memories in order to reinvent herself as a Middle-Class English bizarrely organised woman and box up the naive Upper-Class Jewish German Eva. By beginning the play with Ratcatcher music, the audience is immediately manipulated into feeling ominous through the dark, sinister atmosphere. Through the method of utilizing an infamous story tale so well known for its narrative of leading children away from their parents, we are ultimately given a warning of what this play is about. Samuels maintains the sense of a mysterious tone in the first line of the play through Eva, when she asks, Whats an abyss Mutti? Known as a dark, gigantic and possibly bottomless pit, the word instantly creates a depressing ambience, the departure family members, never to be seen again. The mother and daughter relationship between Eva and Helga seems tense, due to Helgas coldness and practicality. Throughout the first few lines of dialogue, Samuels presents the efficient, formal character in an obvious, yet subtle way, Helga seems to show little warmth towards her daughter and is more determined to teach her how to sew her own buttons on her coat. However throughout the course of the play, the reason this no-nonsense parenting method becomes obvious, particularly when, through naivety and confusion, Eva asks why she cannot continue sewing later and Helga replies abruptly with Theres no later left Eva. This hints to the audience the limited time the mother and daughter have left together as Eva is shortly due to leave on Kindertransport for her own safety and that Helga is simply trying to educate her daughter how to be independent without her mother, See. You dont need me. Samuels clearly shows the motives for Helgas actions to be because this is what she believes to be the best chance of survival she can offer for her daughter. Samuels does this through use of dramatic irony, she places the audience in a third person, observing position, so when Eva demonstrates her confusion with the situation by consistently asking questions such as Why wont you help me? , we, as spectators know the answer and reason as to why Helga is acting this way towards her child. Shortly after the relationship between Eva and Helga is portrayed, a cross-cut with the parallel story of Faith and Evelyn is then revealed. During the play Samuels creates a dual time frame and flicks the story between two time periods, through the introduction of more modern, recently invented props such as televisions and the stage directions instructing that only Evelyn acknowledges Eva and Helga, yet she ignores them due to her repression of past memories, Samuels suggests the juxtaposition to the audience. She does this to show the deep similarities between the two relationships, the situation with Faith and Evelyn seems to echo the past of Eva and Helga, to give a more dramatic impact of the interaction between the characters. Furthermore, another reason as to why Samuels makes use of this technique is again linked to her method of dramatic irony and placing the audience in an all-knowing position as the happenings of Eva and the things she experiences give us insight as what Evelyn is thinking and shown her secret past and memories, a gift the rest of the characters are not granted. Evelyns character shows powerful connections with Helgas disposition, both mothers are reserved and show little emotion. Although as the play progresses Helga becomes more vulnerable to her love towards her daughter and loses her control and self restriction, a defining moment in the play is shown when Eva gets on the Kindertransport train ready to depart to England and through her dialogue and subtle description of her parents actions at the time, for instance Youre knocking too hard, your knuckles are going red. The audience is made aware that both mother and father have gone from calm, controlled personas, to hysterical, distressed and desperate at the concept of losing their daughter, perhaps forever. Simultaneously, whilst Helga does not abandon her emotional repression until the very last minute when Eva leaves, Evelyn in turn stays restricted throughout the play until towards the end of the play as she finally confronts her past and instinctively battles with her former self a nd fears. A slight amount of her emotional repression has been chipped away and the audience may have sympathy for Helga during the scene as she has been stripped away of her whitewash and endured the very thing shes always feared the most, reminiscing her painful memories. As she earlier remarked, Evelyn has now been pricked into exposing her weaknesses and the audience is left to wonder whether or not she will recover from these emotional scars at the end of the play or will she bleed forever. Both daughters within the play, Eva and Faith long for their mothers to show love and sentiment. Neither children truly wish to leave their childhood homes and leave as many possible opportunities for their mothers to abandon all responsibility and efficiency, and want their daughters to stay with them. Much of Evelyns characteristics can be revealed through Samuels use of props within stage directions. Throughout almost the entire play, Evelyn continuously polishes glasses, if not cleaning other thing s. Whenever faced with strong subjects with any relations to her past or emotions, she begins to polish a glass, for instance, as Faith becomes indecisive as to move out of the family home and clearly hints for her mother to ask her to stay, Evelyn disregards and ignores what she has to say, Evelyn concentrates on polishing and replacing glasses. This can be seen as a symbol Samuels employs to show the basic survival methods of Evelyn, that her obsession with cleaning is a way of controlling her emotions and direct her energy into something else. Evelyn appears to unconsciously often compare her own personality with connotations of a glass, such as A chipped glass is ruined forever Here Samuels is suggesting that this new, reformed, diverse identity Evelyn has created for herself is delicate, and implies that it will be destroyed to be remained with her younger self, Eva. This is a terrible thing in the eyes of Evelyn, as her re-invented identity is a form of protection, a barrier against her emotional pains.